Solution For Knight Dialer
Problem Statement:
The Knight’s Tour is a chess problem in which the knight moves through all the squares of the board exactly once. Now, you are given a 10^9 phone dialer in the form of an array of integers, where each integer represents a digit from 0-9. The knight is initially placed on the digit at index 0 of the dialer. The knight moves to the neighboring digit with a L shape move, as it does in a chessboard. Each move, the knight can move to any of the 8 different positions on the keypad. You must find out the number of distinct numbers that can be made after n hops of the knight on the dialer.
Solution:
To solve this problem, we need to find all the possible sequences that can be generated by the knight starting at the digit at index 0 of the dialer and moving for n hops. We can achieve this through depth-first search (DFS).
Our DFS function takes the current index of the dialer, the current length of the sequence, and the maximum length (n) as its parameters.
Algorithm:
1. Define a counter variable to keep track of the number of distinct numbers found.
2. Define the DFS function taking three arguments: idx represents the current index of the dialer, length represents the current length of the sequence, and maxlen represents the maximum allowed length.
3. If the length of the sequence is equal to the maximum allowed length, that means we have found a valid sequence. So increment the counter by 1.
4. For each reachable digit from the current index, if the length of the sequence is less than the maximum allowed length, then make a recursive call to the DFS function with the new index and increased length.
5. Return the counter at the end of the function
Consider the below implementation:
def knightDialer(n):
moves = [[4, 6], [6, 8], [7, 9], [4, 8], [0, 3, 9], [], [0, 1, 7], [2, 6], [1, 3], [2, 4]]
mod = 10 ** 9 + 7
dp = [1] * 10
for i in range(1, n):
tmp = [0] * 10
for j in range(10):
for mv in moves[j]:
tmp[j] = (tmp[j] + dp[mv]) % mod
dp = tmp
return sum(dp) % mod
Explanation:
We create a 2D list called moves containing all the possible moves from each digit on the dialer. We also define a counter variable mod to take care of modulo division for large numbers. We create an array “dp” of size 10 initialized with ones for the first iteration to store the number of sequences possible from each digit, using dynamic programming. For each subsequent iteration, we create a temporary array “tmp” to store the updated sequences possible for each digit in the current iteration and update the original dp array after each pass for the final result. We use the moves list to move the knight and add up the possible sequences we can create. In the end, we take the sum of all the values in the dp array and return the answer modulo mod as defined.
The time complexity of the above solution is O(n), and the space complexity is O(1).
In the end, we will find all the possible sequences that can be generated by the knight starting at the digit at index 0 of the dialer and moving for n hops. The number of distinct numbers that can be made after n hops of the knight on the dialer will be the value returned by our DFS function.
Step by Step Implementation For Knight Dialer
This is a classic dynamic programming problem. We can define a 2D array dp[i][j] where i is the number of digits in the input string and j is the starting digit. dp[i][j] will be the number of ways to dial a number with i digits starting from digit j. We can fill in the base cases: dp[1][j] = 1 for all j (there is only 1 way to dial a 1-digit number starting from any digit) and dp[2][j] = 2 for all j (there are 2 ways to dial a 2-digit number starting from any digit: the first digit can be the same as the second digit, or it can be different). For the general case, we can fill in the dp array as follows: dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] + dp[i-1][j+1] // if j is not the first or last digit dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] // if j is the first digit dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j+1] // if j is the last digit The final answer is the sum of dp[n][j] over all j (where n is the length of the input string).
A = [[4,6],[6,8],[7,9],[4,8],[0,3,9],[],[0,1,7],[2,6],[1,3],[2,4]]
def knightDialer(N):
if N == 1: return 10
dp = [[0] * 10 for _ in range(N)]
dp[0] = [1] * 10
for i in range(1, N):
for j in range(10):
for k in A[j]:
dp[i][j] += dp[i-1][k]
return sum(dp[-1]) % (10**9 + 7)This is a classic dynamic programming problem. We can define a 2D array dp, where dp[i][j] represents the number of ways to dial digit i from digit j. Then we have the following transition: dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] + dp[i-1][j+1] + dp[i+1][j-1] + dp[i+1][j+1] The base case is when i = 0 or i = 9, we have dp[0][j] = dp[9][j] = 1. The final result is the sum of dp[i][j] for all i and j.
There are a total of 9 numbers on a telephone keypad. A knight can move from one number to another number in one of the following ways: • From 1 to 8 in one move. • From 2 to 7 in one move. • From 3 to 4 in one move. • From 4 to 9 in one move. • From 5 to 6 in one move. • From 6 to 1 in one move. • From 7 to 2 in one move. • From 8 to 3 in one move. • From 9 to 5 in one move. Given a starting number, find the total number of unique ways a knight can dial a telephone number of length N. Input: N = 1 Output: 10 Input: N = 2 Output: 20 Input: N = 3 Output: 46
There are a total of numRows rows in the board. Each row has a total of numCols columns in the board. The top left corner of the board is (0, 0) and the bottom right corner of the board is (numRows - 1, numCols - 1). A knight is placed on the board at position (r, c). The knight has 8 possible moves it can make, as shown below. Each move is two squares in a cardinal direction, then one square in an orthogonal direction. Each time the knight is moved, the count of the number of dials increases by 1. Given the starting position of the knight on the board, find the minimum number of dials needed to reach the bottom right corner of the board. For example, given the starting position (0, 0), the minimum number of dials needed to reach the bottom right corner of the board is 6.